Your own stack

At this point in our look at the transformation libary, we are no longer dependant on the built in OpenGL matrices! Go us! But we're still using the OpenGL stack. Which as we know has a set size. And we don't really know what it's doing under the hood.

Let's remedy this by making our own matrix stack. I'm going to lay out a skeleton here, you fill in the functions

class MatrixStack {
    protected List<Matrix4> stack = null;

    public MatrixStack() {
        // TODO: make new stack list
        // TODO: Add identity onto the stack
    }

    public void Push() {
        // Take the top of the stack, make a copy of it
        // add the new copy onto the stack so it becomes
        // the new top
    }

    public void Pop() {
        // Remove the top of the stack
    }

    public void Load(Matrix mat) {
        // Replace the top of the stack with whatever was passed in
    }

    public void Mul(Matrix mat) {
        // Multiply the top of the stack with whatever was pased in
    }

    public float[] OpenGL {
        get {
            // Return the OpenGL getter of the top matrix on the stack
        }
    }

That's all there is to it! The matrix stack could not be any more simple! Let's render two cubes using this stack, see how we would use it.

void Render(float width, float height) {
    GL.MatrixMode(MatrixMode.Projection);
    Matrix4 projection = Matrix4.Projection(60.0f, width / height, 0.01f, 1000.0f;
    GL.LoadMatrix(projection.OpenGL);

    GL.MatrixMode(MatrixMode.ModelView);
    MatrixStack stack = new MatrixStack();

    Matrix4 view = Matrix4.LookAt(
        new Vector3(-5, 5, -2),
        new Vector3(0, 0, 0),
        new Vector3(0, 1, 0)
    );
    stack.Load(view);

    // Render cube 1
    stack.Push();
    {
        Matrix4 scale = Matrix4.Scale(new Vector3(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f));
        Matrix4 rotation = Matrix4.AngleAxis(45.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
        Matrix4 translation = Matrix4.Translate(new Vector3(-2, 1, 3));

        Matrix4 model = translation * rotation * scale;
        stack.Mul(model);
        GL.LoadMatrix(stack.OpenGL);
        DrawCube();
    }
    // Restore stack
    stack.Pop();



    // Render cube 2
    stack.Push();
    {
        Matrix4 scale = Matrix4.Scale(new Vector3(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f));
        Matrix4 rotation = Matrix4.AngleAxis(45.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
        Matrix4 translation = Matrix4.Translate(new Vector3(-2, 1, 3));

        Matrix4 model = translation * rotation * scale;
        stack.Mul(model);
        GL.LoadMatrix(stack.OpenGL);
        DrawCube();

        // Render sub-cube
        stack.Push();
        {
            Matrix4 scale = Matrix4.Scale(new Vector3(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f));
            Matrix4 rotation = Matrix4.AngleAxis(45.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
            Matrix4 translation = Matrix4.Translate(new Vector3(-2, 1, 3));

            Matrix4 model = translation * rotation * scale;
            stack.Mul(model);
            GL.LoadMatrix(stack.OpenGL);
            DrawCube();
        }
        stack.Pop();
    }
    stack.Pop();
}

It's not exactly as convenient as the built in push pop, but it gets the job done. The biggest difference between what OpenGL does and what we do is that OpenGL no longer knows when you multiplied matrices together. Therefore it becomes important for us to tell OpenGL to use the matrix on the top of the stack for rendering, every time we draw simething. Hene this bit of code:

Matrix4 model = translation * rotation * scale;
stack.Mul(model);
GL.LoadMatrix(stack.OpenGL);
DrawCube();

On your own

Try to replace the MatrixStack in the Mr.Roboto project with your own matrix stack.